Uloga i značaj aarhus centara u primjenI legislative vezane za postavljanje baznih stanica

ULOGA I ZNAĈAJ AARHUS CENTARA U PRIMJENI LEGISLATIVE VEZANE ZA
POSTAVLJANJE BAZNIH STANICA (primjer Aarhus centar Sarajevo)

Merima Polimac, dipl. iur.; mr.sc. Sabina Jukan; Udruženje ―Aarhus centar u BiH‖, Sarajevo

SAŽETAK

Misija OSCE-a u BiH u saradnji sa Gradom Sarajevom 30.maja 2012. godine otvorila je prvi
Aarhus centar u BiH (Aarhus centar Sarajevo), koji od 2013. godine funkcionira kao samostalna nevladina organizacija. Aarhus centar Sarajevo podržava i promovira primjenu Aarhuske
konvencije na području Grada Sarajevo i indirektno na području BiH tako što: pomaže organima
vlasti da ispunjavaju obaveze i dužnosti navedene u Konvenciji, promovira uvođenje propisa i
metoda usmjerenih na omogućavanje pristupa informacijama, učešće javnosti i pristup
pravosuđu u oblasti okoliša, predstavlja most između državnih organa, civilnog društva i
privrede, podstiče primjenu Konvencije tako što razvija svijest i sposobnosti zainteresiranih
strana, služi široj zajednici pružajući joj usluge iz svog polja djelovanja.

U svom dosadašnjem djelovanju Aarhus centar Sarajevo je zaprimio veliki broj pritužbi na
mnoge neregularnosti kada je u pitanju zaštita životne sredine, a dio njih se odnosio i na bazne
stanice. Detaljnijim istraživanjem otkrili smo da postoji jako malo informacija koje se odnose na
ovu problematiku. Osoblje Aarhus centra Sarajevo se aktivno uključilo u rješavanje dva slučaja,
jedan vezan za naselje Osijek (Općina Ilidža, Sarajevo), a drugi za naselje Zenik (Općina Ilidža).
U oba slučaja stanovnici nisu na zakonom propisan način bili upoznati sa planom izgradanje
baznih stanica, te nije održana javna rasprava, a gradnja je predvidjena u blizini objekata kao što
su škole, ambulanta i porodične kuće. Istraživanjem veoma šturih zakonkih propisa došli smo do 
zaključka da gotovo niti jedan zakon se ne oslanja na ovu problematiku, te da nije propisana ni
potreba izdavanja okolinske dozvole. Sve ovo ostavlja prostor za mnoge malverzacije, a gradjani
nemaju efikasan alat za borbu sa ovim problemom. U suštini, sve što smo do sada mogli uraditi
svodilo se na prikupljanje informacija i stvaranje pritiska nadležnima radi rješavanja ovih
problema. U prvom slučaju to je i urodilo plodom, te tako bazna stanica nikada nije ni izgradjena
u čemu je Aarhus centar Sarajevo u velikoj mjeri doprinijeo učestalim traženjem informacija,
iniciranjem potpisivanja peticije gradjana naselja Osijek i stvaranjem pritiska nadležnim
organima. Kada je u pitanju drugi slučaj Aarhus centar Sarajevo se uključio kada je bazna stanica
bila gotovo izgradjena. Pravna bitka je vodjena jedan duži vremenski period gdje smo uz
podršku gradjana uvidjeli i koruptivne radnje, koje je bilo teško dokazati. Kada smo shvatili da
smo iskoristili sva pravna sredstva zatražili smo dodatno neovisno stručno mišljenje, te uvidjeli
da su mogućnosti za dobijanje slučaja minimalne.

Države uredjuju zakone iz oblasti zaštite elektromagnetskih polja na otvorenim prostorima, a
mišljenja smo da BiH u velikoj mjeri zastaje po ovom pitanju, jer još uvijek nema zakon na koji
bi se gradjani mogli pozvati, te je potrebna dorada i izmjena postojećih zakonskih propisa o
zaštiti od jonizirajućeg zračenja i radijacionoj sigurnosti, kako bi se bolje uredili uslovi u ovoj
oblasti. Također, potrebno je da se urede posebni uslovi za postavljanje baznih stanica na
stambene i druge objekte, način pribavljanja saglasnosti od vlasnika zgrade odnosno savjeta
stanara, kao i ograničenja koja sa sobom nosi postavljena stanica, poput izloženost objekata u
blizini kao sto su vrtići, porodilišta, bolnice, škole i fakulteti, sportska igrališta i domovi.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF AARHUS CENTRES IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LEGISLATION ON THE INSTALLATION OF BASE
STATIONS (eg Aarhus Centre Sarajevo)

Merima Polimac, BSc. iur .; M.Sc. Sabina Jukan; Association "Aarhus Centre in BiH", Sarajevo

ABSTRACT

OSCE Mission to BiH, in cooperation with the City of Sarajevo on May 30, 2012 opened the first Aarhus
center in BiH (Aarhus Centre Sarajevo), which since 2013 has functioned as an independent  nongovernmental organization. Aarhus Centre Sarajevo supports and promotes the implementation of the
Aarhus Convention in the City of Sarajevo and indirectly in Bosnia and Herzegovina by: helping
authorities to fulfill the obligations and duties set out in the Convention, to promote the introduction of
regulations and methods aimed at facilitating access to information, public participation and access to
justice in environmental, represents a bridge between government bodies, civil society and the economy,
encourage the application of the Convention by developing awareness and the ability of interested parties,
serve the community at large by providing her services from its field of action. 

In his past activities of Aarhus Centre Sarajevo has received a large number of complaints about the many
irregularities when it comes to environmental protection, and part of them was related to the base station.
Detailed research we found that there is very little information related to this issue. Staff Aarhus Centre
Sarajevo is actively involved in the resolution of two cases, one related to the settlement Osijek
(Municipality Centar, Sarajevo), and the other for settlement Zenik (Ilidţa). In both cases, residents are
not lawfully be familiar with the plan of construction of an base stations, and not held a public hearing,
and construction is anticipated to close facilities such as schools, hospital and family home. The research
is very scarce zakonkih regulations we have come to the conclusion that almost no legislation does not
rely on this issue, and that is not prescribed or needs of issuance of the environmental permit. All this
leaves room for many abuses, and citizens have an effective tool to combat this problem. In essence, what
we have to do amounted to a collection of information and the creation of pressure the authorities to
address these problems. In the first case it is also fruitful, and thus the base station was never built what
the Aarhus Centre Sarajevo largely contributed to frequent requests for information, initiating a petition
of the citizens of the village of Osijek and creating pressure to the competent authorities. Regarding the
second case of Aarhus Centre Sarajevo became involved when the base station was almost built. The
legal battle was fought a long period where we saw with the support of citizens and corruption, which has
been difficult to prove. When we realize that we have used all legal means we requested an additional
independent expert opinion, and having noted that the possibilities for obtaining the minimum case.
State laws regulate the field of electromagnetic fields in open spaces, and we believe that Bosnia and
Herzegovina largely hangs on this issue, because there is still no law on how the citizens can call, and it
will need, and amendments to existing legislation on the protection of ionizing radiation and radiation
protection, to better edit the conditions in this area. Also, it is necessary to arrange special conditions for 
setting up base stations in residential and other objects, the method of obtaining the consent of the
property owner's or tenant tips, as well as restrictions that carries set of cells, such as exposure to objects
nearby, such as kindergartens, maternity , hospitals, schools and colleges, sports fields and homes.